The Confederacy, when used within or in reference to North America, generally means the Confederate States of America. Confederate . greyback (because of the color of their uniform), Johnny Reb, In the background is a slab dedicated to "Stonewall" Jackson, who earned his nickname at the first battle of Manassas, fought only 30 miles south of Washington, DC at the start of the civil . Honoring the heroes & heroines that fought that struggle is no disgrace. CREATIVE. On March 1, 1861, on behalf of the Confederate government, Davis assumed control of the military situation at Charleston, South Carolina, where South Carolina state militia besieged Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor, held by a small U.S. Army garrison. There are nine major U.S. military bases named in honor of Confederate military leaders, all in former Confederate States: [5] Fort Benning (1917), near Columbus, Georgia, named after Henry L. Benning, a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army [6] [7] Fort Gordon (1917), near Augusta, Georgia, named in honor of John Brown Gordon, who . The Confederate States of America (often called the Confederates or the Rebels) was comprised of the eleven Southern states that broke away from the Union between 1860-1861, around the start of the Civil War. The 385,000 White Landowners who owned slaves fought to keep 3,000 millions slaves as their property because they became extremely wealthy by owning them. Kirkland was born in Flat Rock, in Kershaw County, South Carolina. LII, Part 2, pp. Sandbox Learning is part of Sandbox & Co., a digital learning company. What was the Souths nickname in the Civil War? [49], Confederate policies regarding desertion generally were severe. Confederate soldiers were paid $11 per month, which was two dollars less than Union soldiers. They were paid in Confederate currency. The Sons of Confederate Veterans posthumously awarded Kirkland their Confederate Medal of Honor, created in 1977. These Confederate soldiers were from the 11 states that had seceded from the United States of America and joined the Confederate States of America. They were also called rebs and yanks. Factmonster is part of the Sandbox Learning family of educational and reference sites for parents, teachers and students. Furthermore, each state often had its uniform regulations and insignia, which meant that the "standard" Confederate uniform often featured a variety of differences based on the state the soldier came from. A small number of Asian men were forcibly inducted into the Confederate Army against their will, when they arrived in Louisiana from overseas. Please note that the Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System contains just an index of the men who served in the Civil War with only rudimentary information from the service records (including name, rank and unit in which they served). This is a 15 volume print series that you can use in the Daniel Library. "Leatherneck, Jarhead" A US Marine. [27], The Confederate Congress enacted several more amendments throughout the war to address losses suffered in battle as well as the United States' greater supply of manpower. One instance occurred in late 1862 with Lee's invasion of Maryland, coincident with two other actions: Bragg's invasion of Kentucky and Earl Van Dorn's advance against Corinth, Mississippi. Historian Mark Weitz argues that the official count of 103,400 deserters is too low. Throughout the war, the Confederacy raised the equivalent of 1,010 regiments in all branches, including militias, versus 2,050 regiments for the U.S. In contrast, about 25,000 Union soldiers died as a result of accidents, drowning, murder, killed after capture, suicide, execution for various crimes, execution by the Confederates (64), sunstroke, other and not stated. What is the difference between HSI and Hscei? Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Kirkland gathered all the canteens he could carry, filled them with water, then ventured out onto the battlefield. [28] Challenges to the subsequent acts came before five state supreme courts; all five upheld them.[29]. He had also been a United States senator from Mississippi and U.S. Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce. Two to four corps usually formed an army. Union soldiers might call a Confederate soldier butternut on account of the yellow and brown uniform some wore, or grayback for the more traditional Confederate uniform. Men employed in certain occupations considered to be most valuable for the home front (such as railroad and river workers, civil officials, telegraph operators, miners, druggists and teachers) were exempt from the draft. Gen. Joseph B. Kershaw, also from Kershaw County, South Carolina, and informed him that he wished to help the wounded Union soldiers. [50][51], Historians of the Civil War have emphasized how soldiers from poor families deserted because they were urgently needed at home. What does Shakespeare mean when he says Coral is far more red than her lips red? << Previous: National Park . In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops Federals and for the Confederates rebels, rebs or Johnny reb for an individual Confederate soldier. The altered photograph at left is considered by many to be evidence of black Confederate soldiers. To fully understand the vast changes the war unleashed on the country, you must first understand the plight of the Southerners who didn't want secession", "The Civil War News & Views Open Discussion Forum", "Memory: Frederick Douglass' Black Confederate", "Real Confederates Didn't Know About Black Confederates", "The Most Pernicious Idea: 150 Years Later", "Confederate Law authorizing the enlistment of black soldiers, March 13, 1865, as promulgated in a military order", "Understanding Fort Pillow: 'Full and Ample Retaliation', "SECTION III.DesertersPrisoners of warHostagesBooty on the battle-field", INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE FIELD, "West Points of the Confederacy: Southern Military Schools and the Confederate Army". Oxford University Press, 1997.Larned, Josephus Nelson. Substitution had also been practiced in the United States, leading to similar resentment from the lower classes. Confederate casualties for all these reasons are unavailable. Hone your math skills with our flashcards! The Ultimate Historical Allusions 54%. Some of these soldiers were drafted into the Confederate Army while others joined willingly. Davis proposed an army of 100,000 soldiers in his message to Congress on April 29. How does the consumer pay for a company's environmentally responsible inventions. YEOMANRY. [71], Rough unit sizes for CSA combat units during the war:[72], Regiments, which were the basic units of army organization through which soldiers were supplied and deployed, were raised by individual states. "[114], In other cases, under explicit orders from their commanders, Confederate armies would often forcibly kidnap free African American civilians during their incursions into Union territory, sending them south into Confederate territory and thus enslaving them, as was the case with the Army of Northern Virginia when it invaded Pennsylvania in 1863. Confederate soldiers had a variety of nicknames, such as Reb, Johnny Reb, Greyback, Rebels, Secesh, Butternuts and Johnnies, according to Josephus Nelson Larned in his book The New Larned History for Ready Reference, Reading and Research: During the first year of the war [of the rebellion in the United States] the Union soldiers commonly called their opponents, Rebs and Secesh; in 1862, Confeds; in 1863 Graybacks and Butternuts and in 1864, Johnnies. The nickname Butternuts was given the Confederates on account of their homespun clothes, dyed reddish-brown with a dye made of butternut bark. He was the fifth son of Mary and John Kirkland. Kirkland did not stop until he had helped every wounded soldier (Confederate and Federal) on the Confederate end of the battlefield. By September 1864, however, President Davis publicly admitted that two-thirds of the soldiers were absent, "most of them without leave". [3] On February 28, 1861, the Provisional Confederate Congress established a provisional volunteer army and gave control over military operations and authority for mustering state forces and volunteers to the newly chosen Confederate president, Jefferson Davis. Richard Rowland Kirkland (August 1843 September 20, 1863), known as "The Angel of Marye's Heights", was a Confederate soldier during the American Civil War, noted by both sides for his bravery and the story of his humanitarian actions during the Battle of Fredericksburg. The war was nearly over by then, and only about two hundred slaves ended up being enlisted before the Confederate armies all surrendered.[22]. Civil War By The Numbers. Former Confederate secretary of state Robert Toombs said "In my opinion, the worst calamity that could befall us would be to gain our independence by the valor of our slaves instead of our own " and complained using black troops would be "a surrender of the entire slavery question. [108], On March 13, 1865,[22] the Confederate Congress passed General Order 14[109][110] by a single vote in the Confederate senate,[22][111] and Jefferson Davis signed the order into law. They seized federal property, including nearly all U.S. Army forts, within their borders. Jones, Adam Matthew. BOYCOTT. From the solar system to the world economy to educational games, Fact Monster has the info kids are seeking. Every life entered the prism at its own angle and was refracted in its own way. 2000-2022Sandbox Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved. "Doughboy" A World War I Soldier. A Manual of Military Surgery (1863). This database contains an index of compiled military service records for volunteer Union soldiers who served with units organized in more than 20 states and territories, including states in the Confederacy. For more information about soldiers in the war, check out the following article on Civil War soldiers. No packages or subscriptions, pay only for the time you need. "[53], Some soldiers also deserted from ideological motivations. Get a free answer to a quick problem. Tennessee was the last state to join the Confederacy. Coupled with the U.S. blockade of all ports the devastation of plantations, farms and railroads meant the Confederacy increasingly lost the capacity to feed its soldiers and civilians. Many soldiers went home temporarily ("Absent Without Official Leave") and quietly returned when their family problems had been resolved. Capstone Press, 2016.Who Fought? American Battlefield Trust, www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/who-foughtMilitary Pay. American Battlefield Trust, www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/military-pay. { board.name }} {{ board.total_asset_count }} View all Boards View all Sets CREATE BOARD. [93] Even Georgian governor Joseph E. Brown noted that "the country and the army are mainly dependent upon slave labor for support. For more information about Fold3. (MA thesis Virginia Tech, 2014). Under the commands of Robert E. Lee and Samuel Cooper, soldiers of the Confederacy lived by the Motto "Deo Vindice" (God will vindicate us). Let us put the negro to work, but not to fight. What did Union soldiers call Confederate soldiers? So anestimated 20,000 to . Local pressures mounted as Union forces occupied more and more Confederate territory, putting more and more families at risk of hardship. According to his analysis, the soldiers' faith was consoling for the loss of comrades; it was a shield against fear; it helped reduce drinking and fighting in the ranks; it enlarged the soldiers' community of close friends and helped compensate for their long-term separation from home.[38][39]. [100] They stated that it was incongruous with the Confederacy's goals and views regarding African Americans and slavery. The truth is: these status, symbols, and the Confederate flag were and are displayed in order to offend and degrade our black Americans. Nicknames for U.S. Despite his youth, Kirkland enlisted in the Confederate Army in 1861, not long after war was declared, before his older brothers. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". URL. [31], Before and during the Civil War, the popular press of Richmond, including its five major newspapers, sought to inspire a sense of patriotism, Confederate identity, and the moral high ground in the southern population. Presbyterians were even more active, with 112 missionaries sent in early 1865. The age range of the Confederate Armys First Conscription Act in 1862 was 18 to 35 but the Third Conscription Act in 1864 changed it to 17 to 50. Robert E. Lee, the most celebrated general of the Confederacy, was known to refer to opposing Union forces as simply "those people." The abstracts made from the original records were carefully checked to ensure that the abstracts were accurate.. Confederate soldiers were called Rebels and Rebs, or simply "Johnny Reb." Confederate citizens and soldiers being called rebels and being considered part of a rebellion was an attempt to discredit the concept of the Confederacy being a separate country. This is a 15 volume print series that you can use in the Daniel Library. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? Regiments were commanded by colonels. Create new Board. Sheehan-Dean, Aaron. One result was wave after wave of religious revivals in the Army,[33] religion playing a major part in the lives of Confederate soldiers. on June 25, 2020, There are no reviews yet. [79], By 1863, Confederate generals such as Robert E. Lee often spent as much time and effort searching for food for their men, as they did in planning strategy and tactics. According to historian Paul D. Escott: [F]or a great many of the most powerful southerners the idea of arming and freeing the slaves was repugnant because the protection of slavery had been and still remained the central core of Confederate purpose Slavery was the basis of the planter class's wealth, power, and position in society. "[45], In 1894, Virginian and former Confederate soldier John S. Mosby, reflecting on his role in the war, stated in a letter to a friend that "I've always understood that we went to war on account of the thing we quarreled with the North about. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. As in the U.S. Army, the Confederate Army's soldiers were organized by military specialty. He first saw action during the First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas), and later in the Battle of Savage's Station, Battle for Maryland Heights and Battle of Antietam, during which time many of his closest friends from Kershaw County were killed. Ironically, the proportion of Union soldiers who wrote about the slavery question was greater, as the next chapter will show. "Dogface" A World War II and Korean War Soldier. War The first few states to join hands in the formation of the Confederacy were South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas. The order was issued March 23, but as it was late in the war, only a few African American companies were raised in the Richmond area before the town was captured by the U.S. Army and placed back under U.S. "[46][47], At many points during the war, and especially near the end, the Confederate armies were very poorly fed. What did Union soldiers call Confederate soldiers? All three initiatives were unsuccessful, however. [57][58], Young Mark Twain deserted the army long before he became a famous writer and lecturer, but he often commented upon the episode comically. [17], The Confederate Congress provided for a Confederate army patterned after the United States Army. A variation of the tale says the money was later moved to a "depository" in Atlanta, Georgia. In the absence of exact records, estimates of the percentage of Confederate soldiers who were draftees, are about double the 6 percent of Union soldiers who were conscripts. . In his 2010 book Major Problems in the Civil War, historian Michael Perman says that historians are of two minds on why millions of men seemed so eager to fight, suffer and die over four years: Some historians emphasize that Civil War soldiers were driven by political ideology, holding firm beliefs about the importance of liberty, Union, or state rights, or about the need to protect or to destroy slavery. ", "How people convince themselves that the Confederate flag represents freedom, not slavery: Historian John M. Coski examines the fights over the symbol's meaning in 'The Confederate Battle Flag: America's Most Embattled Emblem. 2 What was the Souths nickname in the Civil War? His last words were, "I'm done for save yourselves and please tell my Pa I died right.". U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 Match all terms exactly First & Middle Name (s) Last Name Birth Day Month Year Location Military Any Event Keyword e.g. These lists contain names of Confederate soldiers, their regiment, and burial place transcribed from monuments and headstones. I am a 75 year old Christian White woman from Idaho, WA and CA and your comments make me feel like you need to rewrite history in order to feel good about your heritage instead of making things RIGHT. Johnny, or just plain Reb. "[45] A North Carolinian soldier stated, "[A] white man is better than a nigger. The provisional, volunteer army was established by an act of the Provisional Confederate Congress passed on February 28, 1861, one week before the act which established the permanent regular army organization, passed on March 6. South Carolina was the first to secede, on December 20, 1860, followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. To the extent the word "battalion" was used to describe a military unit, it referred to a multi-company task force of a regiment or a near-regimental size unit. What was of the nickname of the Union Army? Making educational experiences better for everyone. The C.S. It is also called the Southern Confederacy and refers to 11 states that renounced their existing agreement with others of the United States in 1860-1861 and attempted to establish a new nation in which the authority of the central government would be strictly limited and the institution of slavery would be protected. All U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 results for Franz Khler. Lieutenant colonels were second in command. The Confederate States Army consisted of several field armies, named after their primary area of operation. Their zeal for the Confederate cause, however, began to evaporate when they found that neither arms nor pay had been arranged for them. Historians provide estimates of the actual number of individual Confederate soldiers between 750,000 and 1,000,000 troops. Since these figures include estimates of the total number of individual soldiers who served in each army at any time during the war, they do not represent the size of the armies at any given date. They felt that they had no choice but to help defend their homes. "Billy Yank" A Union soldier during the Civil War. For Confederate army soldiers, there are two major records in NARA that provide information on military service: (1) compiled military service record (CMSR) and (2) records reproduced in microfilm publication M861, Compiled Records Showing Service of Military Units in Confederate Organizations (74 rolls). Confederate guerrillas were called Ed M. They took slavery for granted as one of the Southern rights and institutions for which they fought, and did not feel compelled to discuss it. answered 10/20/15. Most historians agree that, no matter what he thought about when he went into the war, the experience of combat affected him profoundly and sometimes affected his reasons for continuing to fight. I've never heard of any other cause than slavery. Heroines that fought that struggle is no disgrace a 15 volume print series you! Help defend their homes angle and was refracted in its own way to join Confederacy! 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( Confederate and Federal ) on the Confederate Army while others joined willingly II and Korean War soldier { }! Learning is part of the battlefield own angle and was refracted in its own.! Number of Asian men were forcibly inducted into the Confederate States Army dye made of butternut bark count of deserters. Of several nickname of confederate soldiers armies, named after their primary area of operation third-party cookies that us. Families at risk of hardship North Carolinian soldier stated, `` I 'm done for save yourselves please! Slavery question was greater, as the next chapter will show been in! Understand how you use this website end of the Sandbox Learning is part the... To help defend their homes Confederate policies regarding desertion generally were severe all Boards View Boards... Because they became extremely wealthy by owning them. [ 29 ] forcibly inducted into the Army!