Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Certain directional anatomical terms appear throughout this and any other anatomy textbook (Figure 1.4.2). pertaining to the front of the body or toward the belly of the body. Anatomy and Physiology. contains the urinary bladder and reproductive organs, a specific serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall of the body and is reflected over the contained viscera, imaginary slices through the body as if a dividing sheet were passed through, cell organs that synthesize proteins; 'protein factories', the singular triangular-shaped bone that results from the fusion of the five individual sacral bones, muscle that is attached to bone and is responsible for the movement of the skeleton, muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines, the cavity that contains the nerves of the spinal cord; spinal canal, movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn upward or forward, organs that work together to perform the many functions of the body as a whole, the chest cavity, which contains the lungs, heart, aorta, esophagus and trachea, a group of cells that performs specialized functions, any plane that cuts across the body perpendicular to the sagittal and frontal planes dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions, the region of the abdomen located in the middle section of the abdomen, directly beneath the epigastric section, Chap. hemispheric figure or form; a hemispherical body. 1.2 Structural Organization of the Human Body, 2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter, 2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, 2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, 3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles, 4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects, 5.3 Functions of the Integumentary System, 5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System, 6.6 Exercise, Nutrition, Hormones, and Bone Tissue, 6.7 Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems, 7.6 Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton, 8.5 Development of the Appendicular Skeleton, 10.3 Muscle Fiber Excitation, Contraction, and Relaxation, 10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension, 10.8 Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue, 11.1 Describe the roles of agonists, antagonists and synergists, 11.2 Explain the organization of muscle fascicles and their role in generating force, 11.3 Explain the criteria used to name skeletal muscles, 11.4 Axial Muscles of the Head Neck and Back, 11.5 Axial muscles of the abdominal wall and thorax, 11.6 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs, 11.7 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs, 12.1 Structure and Function of the Nervous System, 13.4 Relationship of the PNS to the Spinal Cord of the CNS, 13.6 Testing the Spinal Nerves (Sensory and Motor Exams), 14.2 Blood Flow the meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid Production and Circulation, 16.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System, 16.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System, 17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus, 17.10 Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions, 17.11 Development and Aging of the Endocrine System, 19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity, 20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels, 20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance, 20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System, 20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation, 21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems, 21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response, 21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types, 21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies, 21.5 The Immune Response against Pathogens, 21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses, 21.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology, 22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System, 22.6 Modifications in Respiratory Functions, 22.7 Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System, 23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation, 23.5 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder, 23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look, 25.1 Internal and External Anatomy of the Kidney, 25.2 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney: Anatomy of the Nephron, 25.3 Physiology of Urine Formation: Overview, 25.4 Physiology of Urine Formation: Glomerular Filtration, 25.5 Physiology of Urine Formation: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion, 25.6 Physiology of Urine Formation: Medullary Concentration Gradient, 25.7 Physiology of Urine Formation: Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition, 27.3 Physiology of the Female Sexual System, 27.4 Physiology of the Male Sexual System, 28.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth, 28.5 Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages. frontal or coronal planes. Just as maps are normally oriented with north at the top, the standard body map, or anatomical position, is that of the body standing upright, with the feet at shoulder width and parallel, toes forward. Anatomy & Physiology by Lindsay M. Biga, Sierra Dawson, Amy Harwell, Robin Hopkins, Joel Kaufmann, Mike LeMaster, Philip Matern, Katie Morrison-Graham, Devon Quick & Jon Runyeon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Just as maps are normally oriented with north at the top, the standard body map, or anatomical position, is that of the body standing upright, with the feet at shoulder width and parallel, toes forward. caudal - situated toward or pertaining to the taill; toward the inferior or posterior end of the body. The body maintains its internal organization by means of membranes, sheaths, and other structures that separate compartments. What is the answer to the crossword clue applied to the surface of the body" . The abdominopelvic/peritoneal cavity is the largest cavity in the body. When a joint develops osteoarthritis, part of the cartilage thins and the surface becomes rougher (sometimes called wear and tear). vertical field passing through the body from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions. Body sections and scans can be correctly interpreted, only if the viewer understands the plane along which the section was made. Regional anatomy focuses on specific external and internal regions of the body (such as the head or chest) and how different systems work together in that region. (of plant organs) joined to a wall, as in parietal ovules attached to the wall of the ovary. If left untreated, these symptoms can progress into chronic and debilitating disorders that can significantly impact an individual's quality of life. Spine -specific. Between the parietal and visceral layers is a very thin, fluid-filled serous space, or cavity (Figure 1.17). For example, you might say a scar on the anterior antebrachium 3 inches proximal to the carpus. A body that is lying down is described as either prone or supine. Four divisions of the lower torso. Thanks for visiting The Crossword Solver "Body part". It is completely hairless in the vermilion border of the lips, yet coarsely hairy over the chin and jaws of males. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance, Lindsay M. Biga, Sierra Dawson, Amy Harwell, Robin Hopkins, Joel Kaufmann, Mike LeMaster, Philip Matern, Katie Morrison-Graham, Devon Quick & Jon Runyeon, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, Use appropriate anatomical terminology to identify key body structures, body regions, and directions in the body, Describe the human body using directional and regional terms, Identify three planes most commonly used in the study of anatomy. (8), Body part The bumps or ridges on the surface of the brain are called gyri (singular = gyrus). In this study, the geometric and physical methods related to soft tissue modeling were investigated. The related mechanisms have been demonstrated that when the droplet is in contact with the ceramic surface, the micro-nano composite structure formed by sintering metal zinc powder and PTFE with low surface energy play a coupling and synergist effect, resulting in a Cassie-Baxter state of solid-liquid-gas composite between the ceramic surface . (4), Arm or leg It does not matter how the body being described is oriented, the terms are used as if it is in anatomical position. Deep. 1999-2023, Rice University. The diaphragm forms the floor of the thoracic cavity and separates it from the more inferior abdominopelvic/peritoneal cavity. Anatomical terms derive from ancient Greek and Latin words. In addition to its control of body temperature, skin also plays a role in the regulation of blood pressure. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo Commit these terms to memory to avoid confusion when you are studying or describing the locations of particular body parts. When we found the two pots of soup at the scene, one of the pots measuring 50cm [20 inches] deep and 40cm [16 inches] in diameter, was almost full and covered with thick fat, some green radishes and carrots and meat believed to be human flesh, Chung said. Though apparently continuous, the ridges have many interruptions and irregularities, branching and varying in length. Of or pertaining to a sections or distinct part of constitutional. Of or pertaining to the pituitary body; as, the A plane is an imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body. Commit these terms to memory to avoid confusion when you are studying or describing the locations of particular body parts. Updates? These terms are essential for describing the relative locations of different body structures. Eccrine glands occur over most of your body and open directly onto the surface of the skin. Insufficient recovery time: Not allowing enough time for the body to recover after performing repetitive motions can also increase the risk of RSI. If the environment is cold and body heat must be conserved, cutaneous blood vessels contract in quick, successive rhythms, allowing only a small amount of blood to flow through them. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. At adolescence hair becomes longer, thicker, and more pigmented, particularly in the scalp, axillae, pubic eminence, and the male face. The thoracic cavity is enclosed by the rib cage and contains the lungs and the heart, which is located in the mediastinum. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written The cranial bones create the cranial cavity where the brain sits. dorsal. Provided is a vibration diaphragm (1) used for a loudspeaker, comprising: two ends, and a diaphragm body which is located between the two ends and is provided with a front surface and a back surface, wherein the inner diameter of one end is greater than that of the other end, the cross section of the diaphragm body is in a ring shape, and the diaphragm body comprises a main body (11) in a . The posterior (dorsal) and anterior (ventral) cavities are each subdivided into smaller cavities. Regions of the body are identified using terms such as occipital that are more precise than common words and phrases such as the back of the head. Directional terms such as anterior and posterior are essential for accurately describing the relative locations of body structures. (4), BODY PART Figure 1.12 Regions of the Human Body The human body is shown in anatomical position in an (a) anterior view and a (b) posterior view. (3), BODY PART kaitlinswright. refer, pertain, relate, concern, come to, bear on, touch, touch on, have-to doe with An Introduction to the Human Body, Chapter 2. To investigate the seismic dynamic response and destabilization failure mode of rock slopes with laminated fracture structures, a two-dimensional shaking table test with different ground motion inputs was performed, taking into consideration a variety of factors, such as the input seismic . an increase in the number of cells of a body part, the r and l regions of the upper abdomen, located on either side of the epigastric region, the middle section of the lower abdomen, beneath the umbilical region, incomplete or underdeveloped organ or tissue, usually the result of a decrease in the number of cells, below or downward toward the tail or feet inguinal region the r and l regions of the lower section of the abdomen, also called the iliac region, a flat, circular, plate-like structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion be/w the vertebrae, the imaginary line created by drawing a vertical line through the middle of the body from head to foot, the r and l regions of the middle section of the abdomen, largest and strongest of the vertebrae, located in the lower back, 5 large segments (L1-L5), cell organs (or organelles) that contain various types of enzymes that function in intercellular digestion A scar on the anterior antebrachium 3 inches proximal to the taill ; toward inferior! 1.4.2 ) and separates it from the more inferior abdominopelvic/peritoneal cavity the cavity. 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