In July 2001, Hu returned to Tibet, where he served as secretary-general (chief of staff) of the CCP Committee of Tibet (200103) and deputy party secretary and executive vice-governor of Tibet (200306). For more information on Chinas top party leaders, see our background profiles for the 19th Politburo and Politburo Standing Committee. For a detailed discussion of these cases, see Cheng Li, Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2016), pp. This refers to the pattern whereby Deng designated Hu Jintao, Jiang Zemin designated Xi Jinping, and Hu Jintao designated Hu Chunhua to be the top leaders of the succeeding generations2. If the international community views China through an increasingly negative lens, and if criticism from Chinese liberal intellectuals, rival political elites, and the Chinese citizenry gains steam, the result may be a leadership split and political instability in China. The political establishment, while certainly composed of some yes-men willing to do the presidents bidding, is by no means monolithic. Lis father-in-law, Cheng Jinrui, served as deputy secretary of the Henan Provincial CCYL Committee. At a time when Xi enjoys tremendous individual power, Li can potentially be viewed as a balancing forcethough not an impressive one thus farwithin the political establishment. Some foreign and Chinese media outlets have reported that Xi Jinping and Liu He attended the same middle school4. Yet, Xi continues to favor Chinas industrial policy and has called for making flagship state-owned enterprises bigger and stronger.. He received a bachelors degree in Chinese literature from Peking University (197983) and a masters degree (via part-time studies) in world economics from the Central Party School (199699). He has responded to praise of his work by stating that it is inappropriate to emphasize any one individuals contributions to Chinas economic policy. 15963. -1. While the timing of this constitutional change aligns well with Xis political motivations at home, it could not have come at a worse time for U.S.-China relations. Xis efforts have sought to showcase Chinas rapid rise on the world stage under his leadership, including through the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), and Chinas deepening engagement in international institutions and forums, most notably his speech at the Davos World Economic Forum in 2017. Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursing through Chinese society. Psychologists utilize a variety of perspectives when studying how people think, feel, and behave. It seems that Xi, more than any previous top leader, is interested in having his legacy centered on the development of rule of law and the judiciary in China. That has included a visit to a historic site where Mao undertook one of his own attempts to remake the ruling party in the 1950s. Undoing this restriction essentially lines Xi up to be President for Life.. Li advanced his early career primarily through the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL), serving as secretary of the CCYL Committee at Peking University (198283). Learn more. Referred to as. Han worked in the warehouse of a lifting installation company in Shanghai, and as a clerk in the supply and marketing division of the same company. See more. After that, Liu worked as a researcher at the Development Research Center of the State Council (198788). The campaign has also exhilarated leftist defenders of party orthodoxy, many of whom pointedly oppose the sort of market reforms that Mr. Xi and Prime Minister Li Keqiang have said are needed. The fact that Xi did not allow any six-generation leader to enter the PSC and the recent abolishment of the term limit for the PRC presidency indicates that Hus chances of becoming a designated successor have diminished. Second, her low-profile personality and her demonstrated tenacity and political acumen, most notable in removing Bo Xilais protgs in Dalian even before Bos downfall, are indicative of her potential for leadership and political nerve. He later taught at Renmin University as an instructor (198687). subversive organizations Plato wrote that the potentially subversive qualities of music were such that it would not be permitted in the perfect state. 9 was mentioned; it enumerates the 'Seven Perils'. In other words, the party boss selects a team of rivals () in order to consolidate power.3. Cheng Li, Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2016), p. 281. Relatively liberal officials and intellectuals hoped the ousting last year of Bo Xilai, a charismatic politician who favored leftist policies, would help their cause. Sun is the only woman leader whose age allowed her to stay on the Politburo for another term, through the 19th Party Congress. 9, that bears the unmistakable imprimatur of Xi Jinping, Chinas new top leader. He served as deputy secretary (198792) and secretary (199295) of the CCYL in Tibet. He was a sent-down youth at a collective farm in Chongming County, Shanghai, during the Cultural Revolution (197275)1. He also served as deputy head of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo Organizing Committee and head of the Executive Committee (200411). Cheng Li, Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2016), p. 268. Wang will likely assist Xi in two important fields: China-U.S. relations and the Belt and Road Initiative. Both tasks will be very challenging due to the rapidly changing international environment. The. Hu Chunhua was born in April 1963 in Wufeng County, Hubei Province. She served as president of the PLA General Political Department Song and Dance Troupe and president of the PLA Art Institute. Constitutionalism is a weapon for information and psychological warfare used by the magnates of American monopoly capitalism and their proxies in China to subvert Chinas socialist system, said another commentary in the paper. Two prominent rights advocates have been detained in the past few weeks, in what their supporters have called a blow to the rights defense movement, which was already beleaguered under Mr. Xis predecessor, Hu Jintao. Thats like pouring petrol on the leftists fire., https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/20/world/asia/chinas-new-leadership-takes-hard-line-in-secret-memo.html. Subversive definition, tending or intending to subvert or overthrow, destroy, or undermine an established or existing system, especially a legally constituted government or a set of beliefs. Liu Zhiyan was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution, and he committed suicide in 1967, at the age of 49, by jumping from the Jinjian Hotel in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province. (Of a ship) being moved by a tug. But when the proposed constitutional changes are unsurprisingly approved by the National Party Congress next week, it will be left to Chinese society to determine whether to accept the risks of returning to winner-takes-all, strongman politics or instead continue down the path of Dengs reforms, with a government that incorporates Chinese-style checks and balances and honors the peaceful transition of power. Read all the Order from Chaos content, 7 things you need to know about lifting term limits for Xi Jinping, USMCA Forward 2023: Building more integrated, resilient, and secure supply chains in North America, USMCA Forward 2023 Chapter 1: National Security, Strategic partner of choice: Canadas role in enhancing North American supply chain resiliency. After that, Hu served as governor and deputy party secretary of Hebei Province (200809). Indeed, senior central propaganda officials met to discuss the newspaper protest, among other issues, and called it a plot to subvert the party, according to a speech on a party Web site of Lianyungang, a port city in eastern China. : a systematic attempt to overthrow or undermine a government or political system by persons working from within also : the crime of committing acts in furtherance of such an attempt subversionary -zh-ner- adjective subversive -vr-siv adjective or noun subversively adverb subversiveness noun More from Merriam-Webster on subversion Hu Min, Hu Jintaos Five Golden Flowers (Hong Kong: Beiyunhe Press, 2012), pp. The memo called for the eradication of "seven subversive currents" in Chinese society, including "Western constitutional democracy," "universal values" of human rights, and Western . The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party has proposed removing a clause from the countrys constitutionadded during the Deng Xiaoping erawhich limits both the presidency and vice presidency to two five-year terms. Their perceptions of Xi as a Mao- like figure . Liu He has contributed significantly to the new economic paradigms and concepts outlined in Xi Jinpings first term, such as the economic new normal and supply-side reform. His economic outlook is remarkably liberal. If, for some reason, Li Keqiang steps down from his position as premier of the State Council before the end of his term, Han may be a leading candidate for that position. Current news at the front? After his time in Fujian, Xi served as governor of Zhejiang Province (2002) and party secretary of Zhejiang Province (200207). Early in his career (197982), Xi served as a personal secretary (mishu) to Geng Biao, then minister of defense. For example, the objective of his economic policy, as articulated at the third plenum of the 18th Central Committee in 2013, has been to make the private sector the decisive driver of the Chinese economy. For the current fiscal year, the U.S. Navy is planning on retiring over 30 vessels, but not all of these will be sent to the junkyard. Other crossword clues with similar answers to 'Subsurface current'. 25 School, while Liu went to Beijing No. Wang then worked as party secretary of Hainan Province (200203). Behavioral Perspective. 9, that bears the unmistakable imprimatur of Xi Jinping, China's new top leader. Another proposed change would enshrine Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era in the constitutions preamble, following Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, and Deng Xiaoping Theory. Xi Jinping was born on June 15, 1953, in Beijing. These seven perils were enumerated in a memo, referred to as Document No. The heat transfer function of convection currents drives the earth's ocean currents, atmospheric weather and geology. His ancestral home is Cixi City, Zhejiang Province. He served as vice-minister and deputy party secretary of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) (201318). Mr. Xi has indicated that he wants a party meeting in the fall to endorse policies that would give market competition and private businesses a bigger role in the economy and Marxist stalwarts in the party are deeply wary of such proposals. Sun also completed a masters program in management at Liaoning University in Shenyang (via part-time studies, 199295) and a masters program in politics at the Central Party School (via part-time studies, 200003). Since the circular was issued, party-run publications and Web sites have vehemently denounced constitutionalism and civil society, notions that were not considered off limits in recent years. Hu Chunhua has six siblings. 15, 2324. Their work contains content that has appeared in art . She also took over Ling Jihuas post when Ling was under investigation in 2014. T his month on the Criterion Channel, dive into the career of Oscar nominee Michelle Yeoh (Everything Everywhere All at Once), whose martial-arts prowess and megawatt charisma made her one of Hong Kong's greatest action heroes.From there, head back to the anything-goes exuberance of early Hollywood with our Buster Keaton retrospective and a lineup of pre-Code Paramount classics, or spend . Deep-ocean currents contain water with high oxygen concentrations. Aware of Wangs high profile among the Chinese public and this nickname, former U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner presented Wang with an authentic New York City Fire Department hat during Wangs visit to the United States in 2011.6, During Xis first term, Wang Qishan was Xis strongest political ally and acted as the partys anticorruption czar. Wang launched the largest anti-graft campaign in the PRC history, purging approximately 440 leaders at the vice-ministerial and vice-provincial levels () on corruption charges, including 79 PLA officers holding the rank of major general or higher and 45 members of the CCPs 18th Central Committee.7. For the Chinese Communist Party, these founding principles of our European model belong to the "seven subversive currents" and the "Western evils" that need to be suppressed in China. discussion of "seven subversive currents," including universal values, constitutional democracy, human rights, civil society, and media freedom. Their only daughter, Xi Mingze, received her undergraduate degree in psychology from Harvard University (201014) and later pursued a graduate program in the same field at a university in Beijing. Liu served as a chief drafter of the communiqu at the Third Plenum of the 18th National Party Congress, which claimed to be version 2.0 of Chinas market development.5. By CHRIS BUCKLEY, August 19, 2013 (New York Times) HONG KONG Communist Party cadres have filled meeting halls around China to hear a somber, secretive warning issued by senior leaders. Mr. Xis hard line has disappointed Chinese liberals, some of whom once hailed his rise to power as an opportunity to push for political change after a long period of stagnation. He was later appointed deputy party secretary and head of the Luwan District in Shanghai (199295) and was eventually promoted to deputy secretary-general (chief of staff) of the Shanghai municipal government, in addition to director of the City Planning Commission and director of the Securities Management Office (199597). In particular, his management of the SARS epidemic in the spring of 2003 has been taken as evidence of his efficacy in crisis.4 Wangs experience handling crises and other challenges includes his appointment as executive vice-governor of Guangdong in 1998 to manage the bankruptcy of a major financial institution in the wake of the 1997 Asian financial crisis; his appointment as party secretary of Hainan Province in 2002 to address the decade-long real estate bubble on the island; and his role as mayor of Beijing during the 2008 Olympics.5, Wang is widely recognized in China by the nickname chief of the fire brigade (). This policy has been credited with Chinas technological development over the past few years, as evidenced by the vitality of Chinas e-commerce and e-payment systems. Wang is married to Yao Mingshan. Current therapies antibiotics that kill bacteria and steroids that tame infection-related inflammation can fail to ward off the worst consequences of the disease, particularly if therapy is initiated late due to delays in diagnosis. He received a bachelors degree in economics (197882) and a masters degree in management (198386), both from the Department of Industrial Economics at Renmin University in Beijing. Instead, Mr. Xi has signaled a shift to a more conservative, traditional leftist stance with his rectification campaign to ensure discipline and conspicuous attempts to defend the legacy of Mao Zedong. Disaster City Revisit ~ BBC Spots Training Hub; Sea Level Rise Explorer ~ Map of Coastal Risk Cognitive Perspective. Li is widely considered to be a protg of Hu Jintao. Created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko, Avatar: The Last Airbender is an anime-influenced animated TV series aired on Nickelodeon.Set in a world separated into different elemental . 3. Li Keqiang and Cheng Hong have one daughter, who received her undergraduate degree from Peking University and later studied in the United States, according to some unverified sources. As Liu He articulated at the Davos World Economic Forum in 2018, active participation in economic globalization and the deepening of Chinas economic reform and openness have remained central to the countrys long-standing economic outlook. Deep-ocean currents transport a volume of water equal to that of 100 Amazon-size rivers. Li comes from a mid-level official family. The political establishment, while certainly composed of some yes-men willing to do the presidents bidding, is by no means monolithic. Most recently, she served as director of the Central United Front Work Department of the CCP Central Committee (201417). When you right-click in the folder and run "TortoiseSVN -> Switch" command, the "Switch to Branch / Tag" window appears on the screen. Given his age, Liu will most likely serve only a single term in the Politburo. While ideas promoted by Xis two immediate predecessors, Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao, would also be incorporated, their names would not, thus venerating a trifecta of Chinese leadersMao, Deng, and Xionly to reinforce Xis egoism. Others insisted that he would flaunt established institutional norms and stay in power beyond his allotted two terms. His township-centered urbanization, however, was regarded by Xis economic team as neither desirable (due to its resulting inefficiency of resources and widespread pollution) nor feasible (because young people are less interested in staying at small towns) and thus was largely replaced by a development strategy for large urban clusters. After graduating from Peking University, Hu went to Tibet, where he worked as a clerk at the Organization Department in the CCP Committee of Tibet (198384), as an official at the newspaper Tibet Youth Daily (198485), and as an official at the Tibet Hotel (198587). Mr. Xi will face another ideological test later in the year when the Communist Party celebrates the 120th anniversary of Maos birth. Cheng Li, Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2016), p. 324. Li Meng, Li Keqiang and the class of 77 at the Department of Law at Peking University [Li Keqiang suozai de beida faluxi 77 ji], Democracy and Law [Minzhu yu fazhi], October 26, 2009. It has become so pluralistic that any comparisons to that time are anachronistic. Many of them have invoked Maoist talk of class war rarely seen in official publications in recent years. Xi received his undergraduate education in chemical engineering from Tsinghua University in Beijing (197579) and later graduated with a doctoral degree in law (Marxism) from the Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Tsinghua University (via part-time studies, 19982002). In the fall of 2013, Xi introduced Liu He to the U.S. national security advisor at the time, Tom Donilon, who was visiting Beijing. Hu Chunhua was selected as a Politburo member in 2012 and is considered a front-runner of the so-called sixth generation leadership. Document No. History. He was first elected to the Central Committee as a full member at the 16th Party Congress in 2002. Convection is different from conduction, which is a transfer of heat between . Liu served as deputy director of the Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Work, where he was responsible for overseeing macro-economic policy-planning and drafting speeches for CCP General Secretary Hu Jintao to deliver at annual CCP national conferences on economic affairs (200311). Liberal intellectuals will be among the first to push back and shape the public discourse. His ancestral home is Changli County, Hebei Province. Lis mother-in-law, Liu Yiqing, was a journalist at the Xinhua News Agency. Some analystsincluding usnaively hoped that Xi wanted more time to train, groom, and test a potential successor before identifying the candidate. Li and his classmates translated important legal works from English into Chinese, including Lord Dennings The Due Process of Law and A History of the British Constitution2. As vice premier in charge of Chinas finance and economic structural reforms, Liu plays a key role in implementing Xis economic agenda, including that of innovation-driven and environment-sensitive urbanization, prevention of financial crisis, and poverty alleviation. 8893. As a result, he squanders a precious opportunity to institutionalize the peaceful transfer of power in the PRC, undermining the example set by Jiang in 2002 and by Hu in 2012. Han spent much of his early career working at the grassroots level. Hu Deping, a reform-minded former government official who has met Mr. Xi, recently issued a public warning about the leftward drift. Likewise, scholars and lawyers who have campaigned for limiting party power under the rule of law have also invoked Mr. Xis promise to honor Chinas Constitution. It is not clear when Xi and Wang first met. He received his undergraduate education from the history department at the Northwestern University in Xian City, Shaanxi Province (1976). Since 2006, it has been known as the Liaoning University of Science and Technology in Anshan City, Liaoning Province. 1. : secretly trying to ruin or destroy a government, political system, etc. Whilst transparent debate on China in our media, universities . 9, issued in 2013 soon after Xi Jinping became party chief, warned that unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents such as support for Western . 9, said Professor Xiao, the historian. One could also make the argument that the top leader intentionally (or as a compromise) chooses his successor from the rival faction in order to unite the party leadership. These seven perils were enumerated in a memo, referred to as Document No. Table of Contents. In 2009, he was transferred to Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, where he served as party secretary (200912) and chairman of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regional Peoples Congress (201012). The first was Western constitutional democracy; others included promoting universal values of human rights, Western-inspired notions of media independence and civic participation, ardently pro-market neo-liberalism, and nihilist criticisms of the partys traumatic past. He then served as deputy director of the Research Office and then deputy director of the Industrial Policy and Long-term Planning Department in the State Planning Commission (198898). His efforts have also included concerted attempts to seek a new model of great power relations with the United States. His attitude toward public intellectuals has proven similarly ambivalent. She served as secretary of the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL) of the Light Industry Bureau of Anshan City (197477), and served as a manager and party official of the Anshan Textile Factory (197788). subversive groups/activities. In March 2007, Xi was appointed party secretary of Shanghai. Sun is widely considered a protg of Hu Jintao, but it is unclear where and when Sun established her patron-client relationship with Hu. Also see Wu Ming, Chinas new leader: Biography of Xi Jinping [], enlarged new edition (Hong Kong: , 2010), p. 572. For more information about Li Keqiangs family background and his early experiences, see Hong Qing , He will be Chinas Top Manager: The Biography of Li Keqiang [] (New York: Mirror Books, 2010). Liu joined the CCP in December 1976. The recent NPC meeting has proposed removing a clause from the countrys constitutionadded during the Deng Xiaoping erawhich limits both the presidency and vice presidency to two five-year terms. Three years later, in 2000, he was appointed director of the State Council General Office of Economic Reform. A similar tension exists in Xis approach to legal reforms. Equally important, this latest action further alienates a number of critical constituencies whose power Xi may be underestimating. He was first elected to the Central Committee as a full member at the 15th Party Congress in 1997. Share. Hans reputation as a competent, seasoned financial and economic technocrat, as well as his market-friendly policy orientation in cosmopolitan Shanghai, has generally been well received in business communities both in China and abroad. It is likely that their friendship developed through growing up together in the same neighborhood. Not much information is available about Han Zhengs family. Zhang Lei, Nongchaoer [The man who paddles against the incoming tide], Nanfang Renwu Zhoukan [Southern People Weekly], August 26, 2013; and Wu Rujia and Lin Zijing, Wang Qishan lianpu [Changing roles of Wang Qishan], Fenghuang Zhoukan [Phoenix Weekly], December 5, 2013. One could reasonably make the point that Xi has prevented Hu Chunhua from rising to the pinnacle of power. I enjoy her subversive sense of humor. Most notably, the NPC approved a constitutional change abolishing term limits for Chinas president Xi Jinping. Cut off or cover the logos on your bag, shoes, clothes, repurpose a product and name it after yourself. Which shows your current branch. City Revisit ~ BBC Spots Training Hub ; Sea Level Rise Explorer ~ Map Coastal., recently issued a public warning about the leftward drift Hebei Province ( 200411 ) outlets have reported that has! Allotted two terms, it has become so pluralistic that any comparisons to that of 100 Amazon-size.! 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