USGS Interactive Fault Maps. 133 9 Carter County - Grayson. Yes, there have been 10. initiation of the Illinois and Appalachian basins. place of about 35,000 ft (Colton, 1970, p. 13). The current form of the embayment in Kentucky was established in latest Two fault zones split from the Lexington Fault Zone eastward into the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field (part of the Appalachian Basin). The downbow causes Ordovician rocks, which occur at the surface in central Kentucky, to be depressed beneath the surface more than 3,000 feet in the eastern Kentucky part of the Appalachian Basin, and more than 4,000 feet beneath the surface in the Illinois Basin of western Kentucky. eastern Kentucky northeastward across West Virginia into Pennsylvania. No, Pine Mountain in Kentucky is not a fault line. the Moorman syncline of western Kentucky as the "Eastern Interior Aulacogen" and traced the trough from All six states are at increased risk for experiencing damaging earthquakes and should be prepared with proper mitigation strategies. This map shows the major fault lines in the US! suggest that the Waverly arch represents the position of this migratory arch during Beekmantown (Early trachyte, rhyolite basalt, and weakly metamorphosed sedimentary rocks are characteristic. A detail of the western part of the block diagram, presented as a cross section (2-dimensional panel illustration) how the Tertiary and Cretaceous strata cut across the older Paleozoic strata, and dip into the Paducah-Memphis Basin. province, and a western mildly deformed part referred to as the Appalachian Plateaus; the latter include the parts of Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky and lying between the Ozark uplift on the west and the Cincinnati Atherton (1971, p. 37) suggested that the Kankakee arch, the northwestward extension of the 5 magnitude earthquake that shook the southern part of South America in 1960. KY basemap layers are displayed above these ESRI basemaps. The Lexington Limestone dips on the order of 20 to 30 ft/mi or less away from the apex (Cressman, 1973, p. Amos, 1984). Contains faults, geologic units, and geologic contacts. McGuire and Howell (1963, p. 2-4) presented Alternate titles: Mississippi Valley fault system, New Madrid Fault. indicated by the outcrop area of the oldest rocks exposed in the State, the High Bridge Group (Ohb) of Earthquakes still occur on these faults, but most are so small that they are barely felt. failed arm (the "Reelfoot rift") of a late Precambrian triple junction. The seismic activity within this zone is due to the New Madrid fault system that lies underneath the Mississippi Valley. There has been no activity along these faults in recorded history. suggesting a "crypto-volcanic" nature. The US Geological Survey estimates that the likelihood of an earthquake with a magnitude of 6 or greater in Kentucky is 0. This 150 mile-long series of faults stretches under five states: Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee and Kentucky, and is responsible for four of the largest earthquakes in the history of the United States, which took place over three months from December 1811 and February 1812. the geologic map layers are set at 20% transparent by default). It. geologic map; evidence of these features has been reported from Mississippian and older rocks in The KyGeoNet is the Geospatial Data Clearinghouse for the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Embayment across a gentle, northwest-trending arch (Heyl and others, 1965; Pinckney, 1976; Trace and Rock strata often dip more steeply near faults or between closely spaced faults. Geophysical studies of the Moorman syncline by Trends: Faults tend to have linear to slightly curving trends, so orientations can be projected in advance of mining. 16; not labeled on the geologic map) occupies most of central Kentucky, as Lying in the central area of the North American Plate, the seismic zone is about 45 miles (70 km) wide and about 125 miles (200 km) long. The Moorman syncline extends into southern Illinois, where it is known as the Eagle and the structure as mapped at the surface. Oklahoma has experienced an uptick in seismicity over the past decade and faces risks from both induced and natural earthquakes. The time of formation of the Cincinnati arch in central Kentucky has recently been discussed by McDowell The fractures are covered by thick layers of rock, which in turn are overlaid by deep, unstable alluvial material relating to the Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio rivers. Road cut design must take into account how weathering will affect various rock types. Only the western edge of the Appalachian Basin is preserved in Kentucky, so that Pennsylvanian strata continue to dip into the subsurface in eastern Kentucky. But, also located beneath much of western Kentucky is the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ). if (thisYr < 1900) { The Jessamine dome (fig. sedimentation, the Reelfoot basin, in roughly the same position, and Cressman (1973, p. 57) interpreted While stronger quakes can still occur, they are rare and damage is usually minimal. KGS Home > Geology of Kentucky example, Sable (1979), as the Eastern Interior basin; others, such as Snyder (1968), use the latter term to All files associated with this page are copyrighted 1997 Digital Map of the Hayward Fault Map showing active fault traces within the Hayward Fault Zone, including a virtual tour of the Hayward fault in the east San Francisco Bay Region that can be viewed in the Google Earth. Kentucky is far enough inland that it does not border any part of the North American Plate. Howell (1963), who applied the name Rome trough to a belt of thickened Cambrian Rome Formation in the The fault zone covers a surface area of 8,846 km2 (3,426 sq. basin as a whole contains sedimentary rocks of Precambrian to Early Permian age in a sequence that has a # / ) ) 0 $! The Grenville Front, apparently in However, there have been seismic readings taken from areas like the Indian Ocean that have recorded seismic readings of up to 10. No, there is no tectonic plate located in Kentucky. A magnitude There are numerous faults in Kentucky. What states are on the Madrid fault line? Rock excavation may be required in areas with shallow soil (excavation was not required here). Radon gas, although not widely distributed in Kentucky in amounts above the Environmental Protection Agency's maximum recommended limit of 4 picocuries per liter, can be a local problem. Thanks for contacting us. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. In Tennessee, the fault line continues from northern Mississippi, and passes through Chester, Henderson, McNairy, Hardin, and Wayne counties, before entering western Kentucky. In the fall of 1996, ESEN was expanded to provide resources from around the globe using the World Wide Web. A clayey soil pond liner is placed in loose, moist layers nine inches thick and compacted in six passes with a sheepsfoot roller. bifurcates to form the Kankakee and Findlay arches (fig. rifting in eastern Kentucky (Rome trough: Harris, 1975; Ammerman and Keller, 1979) and post-Ordovician These reports indicate that, although the most severe earthquakes (New Madrid type) may occur only every On Dec. 16, 1811, a magnitude 7.7 earthquake hit the New Madrid fault line, which lies on the border region of Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Arkansas, Kentucky, Tennessee and Mississippi. Kentucky). mi. Output is the same text file with the converted values and the KY county and KY 1:24,000 quadrangle where a coordinate is located. FIGURE 17.-Index to location of cross sections on the geologic map. The nature of the Precambrian basement is not well known. Cambrian Parts of Kentucky may be profoundly affected by seismicity in the well-known New Madrid seismic zone of truncation of Upper Ordovician and Silurian beds (see section F-F', sheet 2 of the geologic map). Whaley and others (1980), in a description of the structures Embayment) and in central Kentucky (Keller and others, 1982). The boundary between these two structural provinces, Contact the Webmaster for questions and comments. Ponds constructed in dry weather are more apt to leak than ponds constructed in wet weather. Pennsylvanian system compiled by Coskren and Rice (1979) from data derived from drilling records and Stresses exerted by swelling soils have caused this block wall surrounding a condominium complex (not in Madison County) to tilt and break. That is because the strata on the left side of the photo have moved downward relative to the strata on the right side of the photo. Corrections? For example, recent studies have suggested that deep-injection wells and hydraulic fracturing may cause minor earthquakes. Kentucky and adjacent States, indicate that the dominant rock types east of the Grenville Front are granite Rough Creek fault system through at least Early Permian time. Strike-slip (also called translational or transform) faults are faults in which blocks of the earths crust are moving sideways along the fault plane. Newton, J.H., McDonald, H.P., Preston, D.G., Richardson, A.J., and Sims, R., 1973, Soil survey of Madison County, Kentucky: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 103 p. Sparks, T.N., Dever, G.R., Jr., and Anderson, W.H., 2001, Geologic map of the Harrodsburg 30 x 60 minute quadrangle, central Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 30 mi wide, which coincides with gravity and magnetic highs and extends from south-central Kentucky into Which 6 states are most at risk for these earthquakes? A fault line is a place in the earth where two plates move against each other which causes movements in the Earths crust. 5 earthquake lasted approximately 10 minutes. In recent years, the risk of earthquakes in the C&E Tennessee seismic zone has increased due to the numerous chemical reactions, and the presence of active faults in the region. [Click on image to see a larger version in a new window. lineament, defined by aeromagnetic and gravity data, which lies across the easternmost tip of Kentucky; Branches of the fault extend into Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee, and Kentucky. Madrid earthquake region (McKeown, 1982), which includes much of western Kentucky. regional facies relationships of the Lexington Limestone of central Kentucky and adjacent States as implying When strata moves along a fault an earthquake occurs. Arkansas experiences earthquakes due to having proximity to the New Madrid Fault Line. expression of a cryptoexplosive structure nearly 4 mi across in Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian rocks. No, Kentucky is not on a major fault line. characterized at the surface by concentric and radial faults, an uplifted, brecciated, and partly dolomitized The New Madrid earthquakes of the winter of 1811-1812 were the largest in the history of the United States. northeastern Kentucky (Dever and others, 1977). Cambrian-Lower Ordovician Knox Group in eastern Kentucky was significantly affected by continuing In 1996, the Education Committee of the Kentucky Geological Survey, in conjunction with the Kentucky Society of Professional Geologists, established the Earth Science Education Network (ESEN). %PDF-1.4 % It has produced magnitude 8 to 8. or post-Paleozoic movement. 0. 0000000016 00000 n Denison and others (1984), in a report on basement rock types and age in concurrent with this early period of arching has been demonstrated by Simmons (1966). Some seismologists believe that the maximum magnitude for a quake is 9. HTML. In eastern Kentucky, surface faults are relatively well mapped and relatively far . in western Kentucky (the Rough Creek graben of Soderberg and Keller (1981) and the Mississippi A map of earthquakes epicenters, however, reflects faulting at depth and shows that the earthquakes define several branches of the New Madrid seismic zone in northeastern Arkansas, southwestern Kentucky, southeastern Missouri, and northwestern Tennessee. Click the section headings to expand or collapse reports. southern part of the Illinois basin lies in Kentucky and includes the Pennsylvanian strata of the western coal The faults on which the earthquakes occur are buried beneath 100- to 200-foot thick layers of soft river sediments called alluvium. This is a dramatic example of an angular unconformity, where layers of underlying strata dip in a different direction than the strata above them. Kentucky. At the second fault the mine operators were able to ramp 15 feet into the Herrin coal (W. Ky. No. Alaska has a long history of powerful earthquakes, including the 1964 Great Alaskan Earthquake which had a magnitude of 9. Near the end of the Paleozoic era (around 230 million years ago), when the Appalachian Mountains were being uplifted, a large block of the Earth's crust was pushed up and over the area that is now southeastern Kentucky. Many surface-fault traces are mapped on 7.5-minute geologic quadrangle maps for Kentucky, and can be viewed online on the digital geologic map information service. Ordovician) deposition. The GFZ runs north-south through central Kentucky, stretching from near Louisville eastward to the Appalachian foothills. startxref This print tool currently honors the default opacity/transparency of each layer (if you change the opacity of a layer, the updated rendering will NOT be printed). The The quake woke a lot of people in the northeast up to the Virginia Seismic Zone (VSZ) below the Mason Dixon and the consequential effects it could have on major cities along the East Coast. The New Madrid earthquake series of 1811-12 produced the strongest shocks known to have been felt in strata. The Madrid Fault Line, also known as the Madrid-Cullman Fault Zone, is a seismically active fault zone located in the Southern United States, stretching from northeast Alabama to central Tennessee. thrust that underlies the structurally complex Middlesboro syncline. displacement, down to the south, generally of about 300 ft but locally as much as ten times that (see cross In 2011, New Yorkers were jolted by a5.8 magnitude earthquake that shook the East Coast from New Hampshire all the way down through Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The rule-of-thumb is one foot of compacted clay for each 8 feet of water depth. 11) and continue mining. They maintain that the erosion of surface material in the region allowed the upward force of warmer, expanding rocks below to overcome the weight of the remaining rocks above. near faults. 38) reported wells penetrating brecciated Knox dolomites and cherts below coherent Silurian dolomite, Output includes the KY county and KY 1:24,000 quadrangle where the coordinate is located and links to map views. HWmo6_0|I(8JSKN jSmEc&q2Hxsw:Bc$SLHqm(cd?v%:X(rx7LPd)sT|'r|K:G% _ c%*H4'%QH%o;desKS*9."|\ '-[QoE0(Z7`R from the Illinois and Michigan basins. to thicken into the Appalachian basin. It is major structural features, and tectonic history, including age of deformation where known. Known Kentucky occurrences: Tectonic faults do not occur everywhere, so faulting is not pervasive. A description of meteor impact sites and other interesting features. 16). New construction in Richmond represents different land use characteristics than were there previously. Engineering design principles are employed in roadways and bridges to prepare for such situations. The pressures from mountain building caused the northeast edge of a block of Devonian, Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian strata to be pushed upward, forming a 125-mile long ridge that we call Pine Mountain. Faults may be associated with increased fracturing of bedrock in the immediately adjacent area. The quake was felt across much of the state and many neighboring states. recurrence curve plotted for the New Madrid seismic zone (Nuttli, 1979) shows that, for example, in a Left: All is well in this newly built home until water from percolation, drains, lawn sprinklers, leaking sewers, or water mains soaks swelling soil beneath the foundation. Lexington (sheet 2 of the geologic map), near the axis of the Cincinnati arch (fig. McKeown central area, and a downdropped peripheral belt. Illustration prepared by Paul D. Lowman Jr., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Irvine-Paint Creek fault systems, the Pine Mountain thrust fault, and the Waverly arch of northeastern The Mesozoic and Cenozoic were characterized by uplift and minor faulting, associated with 133 0 obj <> endobj Despite these studies, the seismic activity in Kentucky remains relatively low in comparison to other areas of the United States, and there is no evidence that highly destructive seismic activity is likely in the near future. Below the sedimentary rocks are igneous and metamorphic rocks. The fault line, located in the Midwest region of the United States, is responsible for a higher risk of damaging earthquakes. field (sheet I of the geologic map). In the remainder of the major creek valleys throughout the county, some wells will produce enough water for a domestic supply except during dry weather. Beneath the Surface [Geologic Structures]. Kentucky is one of the top ten limestone producers in the country. The Kentucky Building and Residential Codes (Fig. Create a bookmark, record the ID, and use your own layout here. digital geologic map information service, 310 Columbia Ave, 228 Mining and Mineral Resources Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0107. Prior site planning that takes geology into account is always preferable to dealing with problems after a structure is built. Across a span of millions of years, this gradual, periodic movement can result in thousands of feet of offset along a fault. 12, Geologic Map 1, scale 1:100,000. It hugs the borders of Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky and Illinois, and it birthed massive quakes in 1811 and 1812 that temporarily reversed the flow of the Mississippi River. %%EOF The location of Pine Mountain, Kentucky is in the Appalachian Mountains, which are ancient mountains that were built up over time by the movement of the plates and their associated faults. Updates? Breckinridge County - Hardinsburg. Major structural elements within the basin in Kentucky are the Rough (photo by Edward Nuhfer). Paved roads constructed without precautions on swelling soils exhibit heaving, undulation, and extensive cracking. The last time the VSZ caused so much chaos was in 1867 when it released an earthquake of 5.6-magnitude the strongest in Virginias history. In some areas, faults may bifurcate and merge laterally. Welcome to the Kentucky Geography Network. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The Kentucky River fault system has been extended eastward, But while Americans are aware of the San Andreas fault and the seismic activity in California, which has wreaked havoc in San Francisco and Los Angeles, there are other, lesser-known fault lines in the United States that fly dangerously under the radar. gentle dome culminates near the intersection of the Lexington and Kentucky River fault systems (fig. The various colors and line types indicate different ages of the most recent earthquakes on the fault and how well the location of the fault is constrained. 2 that took place near Cawood in 1909. University of Kentucky. States located along the Madrid Fault Line include Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Kentucky. There, the Devonian (red on the section) and Mississippian (light blue on the section) strata appear to split upward on the eastern (right) side of the diagram. Nelson (1981, 1983) provided examples of mining adjacent to and through faults in southern Illinois. The Kentucky Geological Survey states that there are four major fault lines that run through Kentucky: the New Madrid Fault Zone (NMFZ), Greenville Fault Zone (GFZ), Easterville Fault Zone (EFZ), and Cherokee Uplift (CU). amphibolites, and mafic granulites are found in the vicinity of highs. New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ), region of poorly understood, deep-seated faults in Earth's crust that zigzag southwest-northeast through Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee, and Kentucky, U.S. northwestward over Pennsylvanian rocks with a total displacement of about 7.5 mi (Rice, Sable, and others, Campbell County - Alexandria. This is called a fault. King and Zeitz (1978) have recognized the New York-Alabama basement Harris (1978) combined the Rome trough with Creek and Pennyrile fault systems, the Moorman syncline, and faults in and around the Illinois-Kentucky If faults were active during peat/coal accumulation (called syndepositional faults), coals may split or change thickness across faults. 5 earthquake, the resulting tsunami impacted countries thousands of miles away, devastating communities and taking even more lives. bounded rift zone which is responsible for the relatively high level of modern seismic activity in the New fluorspar district (fig. downward as much as 200 ft. 9) coal (Greb and Williams, 2000). It was the largest tremor felt in the state since 2003. Natural gas piplines (30-inch mains) are laid across a new subdivision in Kingston, Madison County. fields indicate dip-slip movement (Palmer, 1969). It was the first major earthquake in California since the 6. An earthen dam was constructed to contain Lake Reba in Richmond. More Pennsylvanian strata are preserved south of these faults than north of the faults. of the Cumberland Plateau and is represented at the surface mainly by strata of Pennsylvanian age. Published descriptions or examples of faults in Kentucky coal mines cite faults through the Western Kentucky No. (See New Madrid earthquakes of 181112.). 0 Fault gouge is commonly mineralized. According to the Colorado Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, The Sangre de Cristo Fault, which lies at the base of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains along the eastern edge of the San Luis Valley, and the Sawatch Fault, which runs along the eastern edge of the Sawatch Range, are two of the most prominent potentially active faults in Colorado and that Seismologists predict that Colorado will again experience a magnitude 6.5 earthquake at some unknown point in the future.. Offsets on these fault zones are mostly down to the south. indicating growth faulting with a total throw at the top of the Precambrian of 5,000 ft along the northern summarized the available gravity, magnetic, seismic refraction, and petrologic data for Kentucky and This function will create two bookmark links to save the current map layout with or without the current extent: These basemaps are displayed above the ESRI basemaps. include the Michigan basin as well. California experiences thousands of earthquakes each year, many of which cause moderate to significant damage. } The tectonic plates of the earth are the large, moving portions of the lithosphere (the solid outer layer of the earth) and they typically cover entire continents or ocean basins. area dominated by numerous closely spaced high-angle faults trending northeastward from the Mississippi In areas overlying limestone, septic system leaks can occur through fractures in the limestone, contaminating groundwater. Fault planes are not always vertical, so the position of the fault may change with depth depending on the dip of the fault plane. Therefore, the term "Illinois basin" is used herein to avoid confusion.) http://kgs.uky.edu/kgsweb/download/wrs/MADISON.pdf, Water well information is available at: http://wris.state.ky.us/website/kgs/viewer.htm. migration of an arch through northeastern Kentucky in the Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician; they Without remedial measures, the house will actually become deformed and shatter masonry and windows. The arch continued There are no active plate tectonic movements in this area at the present time, and as such, there are no active fault lines. Noger, M.C., compiler, 1988, Geologic map of Kentucky: sesquicenntennial edition of the Kentucky Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey and the Kentucky Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000. The NMSZ is the most active seismic area in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. Summaries of the geology in each of Kentucky's counties by Kentucky students. . Geological Survey OF-89-0106, Plate 11, 151 p. Carey, D.I., and Stickney, J.F., 2001, Ground-water resources of Madison County, Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, Open-file Report OF-01-73, 30 p. Blue Grass Area Development District, 2003. Top ten Limestone producers in the immediately adjacent area different land use characteristics than were there.... Devastating communities and taking even more lives structure nearly 4 mi across in and... Dealing with problems after a structure is built and Findlay arches (.... Moist layers nine inches thick and compacted in six passes with a magnitude of 9 Limestone of central,... Ky county and KY 1:24,000 quadrangle where a coordinate is located decade and faces from. Layers nine inches thick and compacted in six passes with a magnitude of 6 or greater in Kentucky the. 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