As a precaution, those who have been vaccinated with Nuvaxovid should avoid strenuous physical activity or exercise for two weeks after the dose to mitigate the risk of myocarditis such as running, weightlifting, and competitive sports. Explore how to write a medical CV, negotiate employment contracts and more. [laughs] I can't pronounce this. Copyright 1995 - 2023 American Medical Association. In accordance with the WHO Prioritization Roadmap, Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. Note: None of the COVID-19 vaccines changeor interact witha recipients DNA. Most of the cases occurred within 42 days after vaccination. Of the 11,168,800 Pfizer doses administered, 14,236 cases reported adverse reactions, at a 0.13 per cent incidence rate, 841 of which were serious. Infants, children, andteenagers ages 6 months to 15 years are eligible under an EUA. Dosage:For the primary series: two shots, 4 to 8 weeks apart. The mRNA vaccine, as we've seen have been very fast. Our members are the frontline of patient care, expanding access to care for underserved patients and developing key prevention strategies. Officials and members gather to elect officers and address policy at the 2023 AMA Annual Meeting being held in Chicago, June 9-14, 2023. Dosages for infants and children are different than those for adults. The Novavax vaccine is a traditional one compared to the other vaccines. Meanwhile, FDA representatives said that booster data would be reviewed very quickly, as quickly as possible, once that data is submitted, she said. With the mRNA vaccines, the inflammation, in most cases, gets better on its own without treatment. [Originally published: July 20, 2022. According to the Kaiser Family Foundation, nearly half of unvaccinated adults worry about missing work if the vaccine's side effects make them feel sick for a day or more. This study has five different arms and will test various types of Novavax boostersthe original version, as well as Omicron-specific, monovalent and bivalent boostersso more to come. As such, HSA will be monitoring the incidence rate of pericarditis or inflammation of the outer lining of the heart and myocarditis. No, Novavax does not use mRNA. Though COVID vaccines may utilize different delivery mechanisms, the end result is the same: cells in the body recognize that a spike protein (the spikes you see sticking out of the coronavirus in pictures) doesnt belong, and the immune system reacts by activating immune cells and producing antibodies to attack the real virus if you get exposed. Both Pfizers and Modernas vaccines use messenger RNA (mRNA) to deliver a blueprint of sorts to cells in the body. It's not an mRNA vaccine. These include anaphylaxis, a severe reaction that is treatable with epinephrine (the drug in Epipens). Later data on effectiveness (the vaccine's performance when used in the real world) for adults showed that the protection from the mRNA two-dose primary series wanes over time; but booster doses bring the immune system back to robust levels. How it works: This is a carrier vaccine, which uses a different approach than the mRNA vaccines to instruct human cells to make the SARS CoV-2 spike protein. Novavax was developed using protein-based, subunit technology. So Novavax is a far better buy than Pfizer, in addition to having the best Covid vaccine in most areas. As COVID-19 hits its three-year mark, the Omicron variant and its subvariants are still driving upticks in cases in the United States. This is a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine, which uses a relatively new technology. The background incidence of appendicitis is estimated to be about 100 per 100,000 people per year. Psoriasis and COVID-19 Vaccine: What to Know, What to Know About the COVID-19 Vaccine If You Have Diabetes, Safety and efficacy of NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 vaccine, KFF COVID-19 vaccine monitor - April 2021, Week 32 household pulse survey: June 9 June 21. The shots also appear to be safe. While there have been no local reports of myocarditis or inflammation of heart muscles arising from Nuvaxovid doses, a small number of such cases have been observed from ongoing global clinical trials, said HSA. Novavax vaccine works in a different way than the current vaccines. Also, there's no problem giving Novavax or any of the other COVID vaccines with other vaccines with one exception: orthopoxvirus vaccines, she added, noting that while we're in the middle of a monkeypox outbreak ACAM2000 and JYNNEOS are the two vaccines available for orthopoxvirus viruses.. mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been shown to induce B cell and T cell responses.. 10 stocks we like better than NovavaxWhen our award-winning analyst team has a stock tip, it can pay to listen. With the mRNA vaccines, the inflammation, in most cases, gets better on its own without treatment. Determining the best antigen to include in the vaccine takes time and it will take longer to change this antigen if needed, Yildirim says. Who can get it:Infants, children, and adults ages 6 months and older in the U.S. The Novavax COVID-19 vaccine was recently granted emergency use approval by the FDA. They all have 100% efficacy for severe COVID-19 disease.. Read the House of Delegates (HOD) speakers' updates for the 2023 Annual HOD Annual Meeting. These include anaphylaxis, a severe reaction that is treatable with epinephrine (the drug in Epipens). Status: The vaccine was authorized in the U.S. in July 2022 and a booster was announced a few months later in October. Then, in December the CDC again responded to those concerns by expressing a preference for the Pfizer and Moderna shots. The Novavax coronavirus vaccine (brand names:Nuvaxovid andCovovax) is already being used to prevent the coronavirus in 40 other countries, including Canada. ET, 2 Beaten-Down Stocks That Might Be too Cheap to Ignore, More Likely to 5x First: Novavax vs. Ocugen. Is This the Telltale Sign to Sell Novavax Stock? If you are immunocompromised: Anyone 18 and older who is moderately or severely immunocompromised should get an additional primary shot (or third dose) of the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccine 28 days after their second Moderna shot. How well it works against variants: Modernas bivalent booster was FDA-authorized at the same time as Pfizers. It's easy to store, easy to prepare and easy to administer, she said. 1. 1. If you haven't been vaccinated yet and you're concerned about losing a day's worth of pay, it's best to check with your employer. Robert Malone promoted it as better than the mRNA vaccines. Is the COVID Vaccine Safe for People With Lung Cancer? The Omicron surge started in December 2021 and still dominates. There's some data suggesting that certain proteins in the heart look like spike proteinsbut it doesn't look that much like a spike protein, so why certain individuals have more of a reaction than others is still not clear, says Dr. Wilson. A one-shot strategy made J&Js vaccine easier to distribute and administer to people who found it the be the most convenient vaccine to get. Early last month, the pharmaceutical company Novavax shared that its two-dose COVID-19 vaccine was more than 90% effective at preventing COVID-19. It is simpler to make than some of the other vaccines and can be stored in a refrigerator, making it easier to distribute. If you are immunocompromised:Children and teenagers ages 5 to 17 should receive three Pfizer-BioNTech primary doses, including a second dose three weeks after the first, and a third dose four weeks later. It's different than the mRNA vaccines, it's more old school, I'm going to mispronounce this word, a recombinant. Learn more about gender discrimination in elite science. Aside from their technology, mRNA and subunit vaccines also differ in the immune response they evoke in the body. SAGE recommends the use of the Novavax (NVX-CoV2373) vaccine as 2 doses (0.5 ml) given intramuscularly. FDA warnings: The FDA added a warning label on the mRNA vaccines regarding serious (but rare) cases of inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis) and of the outer lining of the heart (pericarditis) in adolescents and young adults, more often occurring after the second dose of an mRNA vaccine. This, however, doesn't drastically change efficacy rates. Another study in January from the CDC assessed the bivalent vaccines effectiveness against the most recent Omicron subvariants, XBB and XBB.1.5, in people who had previously received two to four monovalent vaccine doses, and found it to be similar to how well it worked against BA.5 for at least the first three months after vaccination. "The mRNA platform is far more modifiable than what Novavax does," he said. The inflammation, in most cases, Both Pfizers and Modernas vaccines use messenger RNA (mRNA) to deliver a blueprint of sorts to cells in the body. However, there's a lot of interest in the prospect of using Novavax as a booster, especially since mRNA vaccines don't seem to be that durable.. Cost basis and return based on previous market day close. Dosages for children are different than dosages for adults. They have a similar safety profile, and a similar efficacy profiles, very high efficacy in all three of these vaccines. Unlike the first two vaccines, this is a carrier, or virus vector, vaccine, a type of vaccine that has been used before for the flu. How is Novavax different from the other COVID vaccines? Dosage: 2 doses, 3-8 weeks apart. But experts have pointed to an additional interesting tidbit in the research: This new vaccine may cause fewer side effects than those currently available in the U.S. Based on their data, the Novavax vaccine has a significantly lower rate of side effects compared to the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines. But Novavax has submitted booster data to the FDA. Its good news for many reasons, says F. Perry Wilson, MD, a Yale Medicine nephrologist and epidemiologist. The CDCs study was based on COVID-19 tests performed in the pharmacy, and it found effectiveness against the XBB strains varied by age: in ages 18 to 49, it was 49% against the XBB strains versus 52% against the BA.5 viruses; in ages 50 to 64, it was 40% compared to 43% for BA.5; and in people 65 and older, 43%, compared to 37% for the BA.5 viruses. Subunit vaccines are reliable and familiarthey have been around for many years. They got it all done within a year, which is amazing. A collection of AMA policies related to GME. Heath PT, Galiza EP, Baxter DN, et al. Infants as young as 6 months, children, and teenagers are also eligible for the Pfizer bivalent booster. The Novavax COVID-19 vaccine was recently granted emergency use approval by the FDA. Early last month, the pharmaceutical company Novavax shared that its two-dose COVID-19 vaccine was more than 90% effective at preventing COVID-19. But, the Fact Sheet for Recipients and Caregivers says that in most people who have developed myocarditis or pericarditis (inflammation of the outer lining of the heart), symptoms began within 10 days following vaccination. Novavax is not available for boosters yet. Thats what it is, Dr. Wilson says. The biggest difference is the way the vaccine works. To make the world smarter, happier, and richer. The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (brand name: Comirnaty) was granted full Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in August 2021 for people ages 16 and older. (Antibodies are known to provide protection against infection or reinfection and severe disease.) 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved, Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Globally, we continue to learn about new variants of the COVID-19 virus, and we are still learning more about long-term vaccine effectiveness over time. But 21 cases of appendicitis inflammation of the appendix have been reported among the over 11 million Pfizer doses administered here, HSA added. "The mRNA platform is far more modifiable than what Novavax does," he said. The main difference between the Novavax vaccine and the already-approved and widely used vaccines from Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna is the technology behind the shots. Updated: Jan. 30, 2023.]. But, unlike the other vaccines, Novavax directly injects a version of the spike protein, along with another ingredient that also stimulates the immune system, into the body, leading to the production of antibodies and T-cells. Data so far suggest, that on the whole, the Novavax vaccine may have fewer side effects than both the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. Novavax vaccine works in a different way than the current vaccines. Its a two-dose primary series, with the second shot given three to eightweeks after the first. With the mRNA vaccines, the inflammation, in most cases, gets better on its own without treatment. The mRNA COVID-19 vaccines dont use a weakened or inactivated virus to trigger an immune response either. The shingles vaccineShingrixalso is very reactogenic, so you might want to think twice about getting both shingles vaccine and COVID vaccine on the same day., AMA Recovery Plan for America's Physicians, Featured updates: COVID-19 resource center, Subscribe to the AMAs Advocacy Update newsletter, AMA Morning Rounds: Your daily dose of health care news. After all, the newsletter they have run for over a decade, Motley Fool Stock Advisor, has tripled the market.*. But the possibility for fewer side effects and the use of reliable, trusted vaccine technology may work to convince those who remain unvaccinated to get their shot. An 8-week interval is recommended between primary series doses of NVX-CoV2373. There's some data suggesting that certain proteins in the heart look like spike proteinsbut it doesn't look that much like a spike protein, so why certain individuals have more of a reaction than others is still not clear, says Dr. Wilson. Motley Fool healthcare and cannabis bureau chief Corinne Cardina and Fool.com writer Taylor Carmichael talk about the similarities and differences between the COVID-19 vaccines. Cardina: We should mention that. Get stock recommendations, portfolio guidance, and more from The Motley Fool's premium services. That's another similarity with Moderna and Pfizer. If you had COVID-19 recently, you might consider delaying your booster by 3 months from when you started to experience symptoms or (if you had no symptoms) the date of your positive test result. However, we can't directly compare myocarditis rates between Novavax and mRNA vaccines based on currently available data, Dr. Fryhofer added. An adverse event is classified as serious when it results in hospitalisation, a significant reduction in functioning level, a life-threatening illness, or death. But experts have pointed to an additional interesting tidbit in the research: This new vaccine may cause fewer side effects than those currently available in the U.S. The vaccine was found to be 90% effective against mild, moderate, and severe disease in the companys Phase 3 trial involving 30,000 participants ages 18 and older, according to an FDA summary, when the vaccine was approved for adults 18 and older in July. The efficacy of Novavax against virus variants is unknown at this time. Early last month, the pharmaceutical company Novavax shared that its two-dose COVID-19 vaccine was more than 90% effective at preventing COVID-19. Before that, it was the firstCOVID-19 vaccineto receive FDA Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) back in December 2020, after the company reported that its vaccine was highly effective at preventing symptomatic disease. To look for available vaccine appointments near you, visit Vaccines.gov. Summary. Novavax vaccine works in a different way than the current vaccines. As vaccination rates stall nationwide,an additional vaccine like Novavax may seem unnecessary. Learn More. But Pfizers new data did not show whether bivalent recipients were less likely to become infected. As with other COVID-19 vaccines, breakthrough cases, in which someone who is vaccinated still gets infected with COVID-19, remain a reality. If any of these side effects occur, they should go away in a few days. However, we can't directly compare myocarditis rates between Novavax and mRNA vaccines based on currently available data, Dr. Fryhofer added. This extended interval guidance is based on data from mRNA vaccines. A dose is half a cc and contains 5 micrograms of protein subunit antigen along with 50 micrograms of a proprietary adjuvant Matrix-M, which boosts the immune response, said Dr. Fryhofer, adding it is given intramuscularly in the deltoid muscle., Novavax has several logistical advantages. Its a widely used vaccine technology. A first booster dose is recommended 4-6 months after the completion of the primary series. How is Novavax different from the other COVID vaccines? A first booster dose is recommended 4-6 months after the completion of the primary series. With the approval of Novavax, healthcare providers and individuals would have more options to choose from, which may increase national and global demand. The good news is that vaccines are still expected to be effective at preventing severe disease, hospitalization, and death from COVID-19. We also want multiple production lines that potentially can be updated to address new variants and meet the challenges as they come.. But our cells recognize that this protein doesnt belong, and the immune system reacts by activating immune cells and producing antibodies. [Originally published: February 24, 2021. Similar rare reports have risen around the mRNA vaccines, and the FDA has issued awarning labelon both the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines regarding myocarditis and pericarditis in adolescents and young adults. The AMA is fighting to permanently remove restrictions on telehealth coverage and payment. SAGE recommends the use of the Novavax (NVX-CoV2373) vaccine as 2 doses (0.5 ml) given intramuscularly. 1. However, if you've already received a COVID vaccine and you're now at risk of monkeypox due to exposure, no need to wait. The HOD speakers welcome comments for reports under development for the upcoming Interim and Annual Meetings. In the U.S., infants, children, and adults ages 6 months and olderare eligible to be vaccinated, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). There's some data suggesting that certain proteins in the heart look like spike proteinsbut it doesn't look that much like a spike protein, so why certain individuals have more of a reaction than others is still not clear, says Dr. Wilson. Summary. These side effects usually go away within one to two days.. No content in the articles should ever be used as a substitute for medical advice from your doctor or other qualified clinician. More information for immunocompromised individuals is available on theCDC website. Can People With MS Get the COVID-19 Vaccine? It is certainly important for us to have access to several vaccines that are effective against COVID-19, Purnell says. While other vaccines trick the bodys cells into creating parts of the virus that can trigger the immune system, the Novavax vaccine takes a different approach. It's fine to give flu shots and COVID vaccines at the same time, and that also goes for the Novavax vaccine. Dosage:Single shot. Novavax says there is insufficient evidence to establish a causal relationship" between the vaccine and the condition. FDA warnings:The FDA placed awarning labelon the Moderna vaccine regarding a likely association with reported cases of heart inflammation in young adults. 10 stocks we like better than Novavax When our award-winning analyst team has a stock tip, it can pay to listen. The AMA provides regulatory clarification to physicians and their care teams in an effort to aid physicians in their day-to-day practice environment. The inflammation, in most cases, gets better on its own without treatment. Eczema and the COVID-19 Vaccine: Is it Safe? Its important to note that, for both age groups, the data on the vaccines efficacy was gathered before Omicron became the predominant variant, so its efficacy against Omicron and its subvariants is unknown. For this reason, mRNA vaccines are easier to adjust than Novavax when a new variant comes along, Kedl said. The Novavax vaccine is the fourth one to beauthorized in the United Statesfor the prevention of COVID-19. Understanding mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. So Novavax is a far better buy than Pfizer, in addition to having the best Covid vaccine in most areas. Epilepsy and COVID-19 Vaccine: Is It Safe? Carmichael: Nanoparticle. The study data submitted to FDA says, overall, it was about 90% effective at preventing COVID, said Dr. Fryhofer. It uses the spike proteins themselves, in the form of nanoparticles, to trigger an immune response. Possible side effects: Pain, redness, swelling in the arm where the shot was administered; tiredness, headache, muscle pain, chills, fever, nausea throughout the rest of the body. Adults with certain immune deficiencies should also get a second Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna booster; immunocompromised teenagers ages 12-17 must get this booster from Pfizer. Novavax is based in Maryland, and the vaccine was developed in the U.S. in 2020 with support from the federal government program Operation Warp Speed, but its progress was slowed by manufacturing difficulties. It uses the spike proteins themselves, in the form of nanoparticles, to trigger an immune response. After a second dose of the Pfizer vaccine : 66% reported pain This causes your body to create If you had COVID-19 recently, you might consider delaying your second primary dose or your booster by 3 months from when you started to experience symptoms or (if you had no symptoms) the date of your first positive test result. Infants as young as 6 months, children, and teenagers are also eligible for a Moderna bivalent booster. Johnson & Johnson and Novavax are approaching the finish line in this race. But with its approval so late in the pandemic, some may wonder what distinguishes the Novavax option from other COVID-19 vaccines. Here are some things you should know about the Novavax vaccine. Theres some good news about coadministration of flu and COVID-19 vaccines, said Dr. Fryhofer. I often tell people, imagine an eggshell without an egg in it. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Moderna and Pfizer basically give you two doses of the same vaccine. Who can get the booster:Most adults should get an updated Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna bivalent booster at least five 2 months after their primary Moderna series. We know they tend to be younger. were also circulating, which suggests the updated vaccine is more effective against those strains in addition to the ones it was designed to target. Company executives and some public health officials have expressed hope that this recombinant protein-based vaccine will be more palatable to the vaccine-hesitant than existing vaccines using new (and therefore scarier) mRNA and adenovirus Taylor Carmichael: Yeah. These partssubunitsare what the immune system needs to be exposed to so it can recognize them and develop a protective response. Another study in January from the CDC assessed the bivalent vaccines effectiveness against the most recent Omicron subvariants, XBB and XBB.1.5. However, we can't directly compare myocarditis rates between Novavax and mRNA vaccines based on currently available data, Dr. Fryhofer added. The most commonly reported side effects by vaccine recipients in the clinical trial were pain/tenderness, redness and swelling at the injection site, fatigue, muscle pain, headache, joint pain, nausea/vomiting, and fever. Our New COVID-19 VocabularyWhat Does It All Mean? The Novavax vaccine was approved for use in Canada on Feb. 17, adding yet another But Who Will Take It? The immune system will then attack the spike protein the next time it sees one (attached to the actual SARS CoV-2 virus). Week 32 household pulse survey: June 9 June 21. This vaccine, which is a protein adjuvant, had a 90% efficacy in its clinical trial, performing almost as well as the mRNA vaccines in their early trials. It uses the spike proteins themselves so our body can recognize and fight the virus when we are exposed to it in the future. Updated:Oct. 20, 2022.]. Novavax's vaccine uses a traditional mechanism as compared to mRNA vaccines. For this reason, mRNA vaccines are easier to adjust than Novavax when a new variant comes along, Kedl said. How well it works: The data J&J submitted to the FDA in early 2021 when it applied for authorization for its vaccine showed 67% efficacy in preventing moderate to severe/critical disease by 14 days after vaccinationand 66% effective 28 days after vaccination. Teenagers 12 and older also can get a Pfizer-BioNTech booster shot three months after completing their initial series, and a second booster four weeks after the first. Novavax is not necessarily more effective or reliable than mRNA vaccines. Now, in the Novavax clinical safety study, there were only four to six cases identified out of more than 40,000 vaccine recipients. It remains to be seen whether this report of fewer side effects holds up in a real-world setting. SINGAPORE The incidence rate of suspected cases of adverse reactions from Novavax COVID-19 vaccine doses given in Singapore is higher than those of the other three vaccines under the national vaccination programme, according to a Health Sciences Authority (HSA) report.. All four were not serious and had reported experiencing rash, were also circulating, which suggests the updated vaccine is more effective against those strains in addition to the ones it was designed to target. In May, after another review of available data on this risk, the FDA made a decision to put restrictions on access to the J&J vaccine. Data so far suggest, that on the whole, the Novavax vaccine may have fewer side effects than both the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. Who can get the booster:Anyone who had the J&J primary shot can get a Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna bivalent booster at least 2 months later. It also says patients who have chest pain, shortness of breath, the fast heartbeat, heart fluttering or a pounding heart should seek medical care right away.. Apart from Novavax's protein-based Nuvaxovid, the other vaccines under the national vaccination programme are Sinovac's inactivated CoronaVac, and one each of the mRNA vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna. Access reports from the Council on Medical Education presented during the AMA Annual and Interim Meetings. They are also more stable and easier to store, unlike mRNA vaccines that require ultra-cold conditions for distribution. Invest better with The Motley Fool. In April 2021, the FDA added a warning label after ending a pause on the vaccine it had recommended out of an abundance of caution over an uncommon, but potentially fatal, blood clotting disorder that occurred in a small number of recipients. You get the first one and then get the second one, it's definitely worth your time and they're free. Moderna uses the same mRNA technology as Pfizer-BioNTech and had a similarly high efficacy at preventing symptomatic disease when the companies applied for authorization; it also needs to be stored in freezer-level temperatures. FDA warnings: The FDA added a warning labelon the mRNA vaccines regarding serious (but rare) cases of inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis) and of the outer lining of the heart (pericarditis) in adolescents and young adults, more often occurring after the second dose of an mRNA vaccine. Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine Less Likely to Cause Side Effects. The information in this article is current as of the date listed, which means newer information may be available when you read this. Steve Kirsch was certain that Novavax is the safest vaccine . Council on Long Range Planning & Development, what distinguishes the Novavax option from other COVID-19 vaccines, Rapid collaborations drive research in COVID-19 and beyond, Omicron and BA.5: Questions patients may have and how to answer, coadministration of flu and COVID-19 vaccines, How physicians can address COVID-19 vaccine booster fatigue, Bivalent vaccine effectiveness, COVID booster schedule and Evusheld update with SandraFryhofer, MD [Podcast], New study tallies excess physician deaths during early pandemic, What doctors wish patients knew about heart-disease prevention, Match rank-order list: One resident reflects on the dos and donts. Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine. The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines use a newer mechanism in which messenger RNA is used to lead cells to create a protein on the virus surface that the immune system There is a huge experience behind this technology, Yildirim says. More data on the vaccines effectiveness against Omicron is forthcoming. This extended interval recommendation does not apply to those with immunocompromised conditions, Dr. Fryhofer added. There is no live virus or bacterium in these vaccines, so certain groups such as individuals with immunocompromising disease can receive these vaccines.. Novavax's vaccine uses a traditional mechanism as compared to mRNA vaccines. On average, hourly-wage workers often earn less overall income as compared with salaried workers. Unfortunately, as we've seen with the mRNA vaccines, there have been reports of myocarditis and pericarditis after Novavax during the clinical trials and also in early post-authorization data, she said. Vaccine uses a relatively new technology cells in the future news is that vaccines still. They have run for over a decade, Motley Fool Stock Advisor has! The U.S. in July 2022 and a booster was FDA-authorized at the is novavax safer than mrna time Pfizers! 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